Energy path
The battery supplies electrical energy through protection and switching devices. A motor controller regulates current to the motor. A gearbox may multiply torque before the wheel applies force at the floor.
Mechanical path
Drive force is limited by the normal load on the powered wheel and the wheel–floor friction condition. If the module unloads on an uneven frame, calculated motor torque may be available while usable traction is not.
Integration checks
Confirm mounting stiffness, swivel or steering behavior, cable protection, braking state, controller current limits and thermal duty. Test starts, reversals, slopes and loss-of-power behavior on the actual equipment.